Its inert nature also makes helium useful for cooling nuclear power plants. Because helium remains a gas, even at temperatures low enough to liquefy hydrogen, it is used as pressure gas to move liquid hydrogen into rocket engines. Mixtures of helium and oxygen are used in tanks for underwater breathing devices: due to its low density, helium gas allows oxygen to stream easily through the lungs. Helium protects the heated parts of metals such as aluminum and titanium from air. Twenty percent of industrial helium use is in wielding and industrial applications. Liquefied helium has cryogenic properties, and is used to freeze biological materials for long term storage and later use. Helium has a number of applications due to its inert nature. The remaining gas is cooled to -200☌, where all materials, except helium gas, are liquefied. The extracted gas is subjected to chemical pre-purification, using an alkaline wash to remove carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. The total world helium resources theoretically add up to 25.2 billion cubic meters the United States contains 11.1 billion cubic meters. These natural gas reserves are the only industrially-available source of helium. Helium is extracted from natural gas deposits, which often contain as much as 10% helium. Helium is produced in minerals through radioactive decay. However, the discovery of helium-rich wells in Texas, Russia, Poland, Algeria, China, and Canada has made helium more accessible. 0004% of Earth's atmosphere is helium-that equates to one helium molecule for every 200,000 air molecules, including oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen. Previously, helium was rarely used, because only. Large quantities are produced in the energy-producing fusion reactions in stars. Helium is one of the most abundant elements in the universe. Helium was first observed by studying the sun, and was named after the Greek word for the sun, Helios. Helium is small and extremely light, and is the least reactive of all elements it does not react with any other elements or ions, so there are no helium-bearing minerals in nature. It has a very low boiling point, and is monatomic. Helium is colorless, odorless, and tasteless. Helium is the second most abundant element in the universe, next to hydrogen.
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